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91. Eck:German Roman Catholic theologian who opposed the reforms of Martin Luther and procured from Rome the papal bull that declared Luther a heretic (1520).

92. The decision to republish it in the Vatican newspaper gives it added papal endorsement.

93. Earlier, in 1298, papal and episcopal ceremonies had been standardized in the Roman pontifical .

94. After quelling the rebellious German nobility, he failed to subdue papal authority in Italy and conceded supremacy to Pope Alexander III (77). He drowned while leading the Third Crusade.

95. They came to rule Rome and its surrounding territories ( the Papal States ) as largely unchallenged masters.

96. The papal curia or court, reorganized and massively expanded, became the center of ecclesiastical finance and administration.

97. From Cantalupo [ a former papal villa near Rome ].

98. Barrow: English theologian, scholar, and mathematician who wrote about trigonometry, optics, and papal supremacy.

99. Make a stand against him and you can infiltrate papal affairs by rigging elections.

100. It'says that under Canon Law, excommunication is automatic for ordinations without papal approval.

101. The Papal State, extinct since 1870, was revived as the State of Vatican City, as a result of the Lateran Treaty.

102. Then normal candidates for Italian unification are Sardinia-Piedmont, the Papal States, or the Two Sicilies.

103. On the site of a Roman colony, it became part of the Papal States in '3. Population, 90,47.

104. They were commissioned by a papal envoy, Rodrigo Borja, a Spaniard who went on to become Pope Alexander VI in 1492.

105. Sometimes papal Rome was a den of corruption and uncleanness.

106. The Vatican City is not a survival , although there was a larger Papal State.

107. In 1848, an attempt to overthrow papal power in the Vatican was led by Freemason Giuseppe Manzini, which lead to a period of chaos and the fleeing of the Pope.

108. After quelling the rebellious German nobility, he failed to subdue papal authority in Italy and conceded supremacy to Pope Alexander III (1177). He drowned while leading the Third Crusade.

109. Statements by a pope that exercise papal infallibility are referred to as solemn papal definitions or ex cathedra teachings.

110. Note: The Sicilian Vespers is the name given to a rebellion in Sicily in 1282 against the rule of the Angevin king Charles I of Naples, who had taken control of the island with Papal support in 1266.

111. Walsingham was the spy-chief who introduced the concept of Extraordinary Rendition (he persuaded pirates in La Rochelle to attempt the kidnap of the papal legate to Paris).

112. Popes residing in Avignon oversaw the walls’ construction, but they built even stronger barriers around the Papal Palace.

113. You don't,for example,have papal infallibility declared as a doctrine until the early twentieth century.

114. However, the problem of papal rule has been rendered more difficult by nineteenth century Roman declarations of papal infallibility.

115. His book on the poverty of the clergy isn't favored reading in papal palaces.

115. Sentencedict.com is a sentence dictionary, on which you can find excellent sentences for a large number of words.

116. Popes seldom weigh in on economic matters and rarely in the form of an encyclical, one of the most authoritative forms of papal writing.

117. On the site of a Roman colony, it became part of the Papal States in 1631. Population, 90,147.

118. The Apostolic Library is next door to the Vatican's Secret Archives, which contain centuries of Vatican diplomatic correspondence and papal documentation.

119. The central meaning of his pontificate is to restore papal authority ( Conor Cruise O'Brien ).

120. In December 1520 Luther received his Papal Bull of excommunication and then later burned it.