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31. Objective: To evaluate the influence of sickle-shaped renal parenchyma incision on renal function of dogs and the clinical effect of sickle-shaped nephrolithotomy on staghorn calculi.

32. Conclusion The combination of pyelolithotomy and ballast lithotripsy is a fairly effective approach to treat staghorn calculi.

33. Objective : To discuss the methods and application of qualitative analysis of urinary calculi.

34. Objective To explore the technique and clinical value of laparoscopic ureterolithotomy for the treatment of upper ureter calculi.

35. Objective To evaluate the effective methods of diagnosis and therapy of nephric colic in pregnancy women with ureteric calculi.

36. There have been a number of reports on bladder calculi in women with a history of gynecologic procedures.

37. Lower ureteral calculi found a stone - free rate of 93.3 % with one treatment.

38. Conclusion CT cholecystography is superior to conventional CT scan in demonstrating the iso or hypo density calculi and small polypoid lesions of the gallbladder.

39. Conclusions: Treatment of ureteral calculi with ureteroscope and pneumatic lithotriptor is effective and safe. The result would be better in combination with ESWL.

40. Methods:Thirty patients of complicated renal calculi were managed by mini-PCNL under ureteroscopy and Swiss lithoclast .

41. Objective To evaluate the procedure of surgical treatment of intrahepatic biliary calculi with blood vessel variation in hepatic hilus.

42. Methods 78 patients with giant staghorn calculi were treated by incision of renal posterior lip and pyelolithotomy.

43. Conclusions : Transureteroscopic holmium laser lithotripsy is an effective and safe method for ureteral calculi.

44. Objective:To observe the effects of Lysimachia christinae Hance extracts on inhibiting renal calculi in rats.

45. Objective To evaluate the clinical usage of the air pressure ballistic lithotriptor in the endoscopic management of ureteral calculi.

46. Methods Ultrasonographic features and surgical results of 21 cases with calculi in the cavity of perididymis were compared and analyzed retrospectively.

47. Gravel root is specifics for dissolving kidney stones and renal calculi.

48. Objective To evaluate the availability of ballistic lithoclast in treatment of ureteral calculi.

49. Objective To evaluate the clinical efficacy of percutaneous nephrolithotomy using third generation Swiss LithoClast Master under ultrasound guidance in treating upper urinary tract calculi.

50. Objective To evaluate the clinical use of the Swisslithoclast pneumatic lithotriptor in the endoscopic management of urinary calculi.

51. Objective:To evaluate the perioperative nursing of upper urinary tract calculi treated with percutaneous nephrolithotomy using third generation Swiss Lithoclast Master under ultrasound guidance.

52. It was concluded that the PCR method is feasible and convenient for identifying the existence of Proteus mirabilis as viable or nonviable cells within urinary calculi.

53. Objective To compare the effect of nephrolithotomy with pyelolithotomy plus ballast lithotripsy anatrophic renal staghorn calculi.

54. Objective To evaluate CT cholecystography in diagnosing iso or hypo density calculi and small polypoid lesions of the gallbladder.

55. Objective To compare the effect of nephrolithotomy with pyelolithotomy plus ballast lithotripsy for anatrophic renal staghorn calculi.

56. Methods 140 cases of urinary calculi from Shaanxi of China have been analyzed by IR(sentencedict.com),[sentencedict.com/calculi.html] and ultrastructure of urolith has been examined by SEM.

57. Objective To study the safe and effective method for endoscopic treatment of benign prostatic hyperpiesia(BPH) with bladder calculi.

58. Conclusions: The procedure for giant staghorn calculi is easy, safe, and effective to renal parenchyma intact.

59. A comprehensive MEDLINE (1970-December 2006) search of English literature was performed to identify articles on the medical expulsive therapy of ureteral calculi.

60. Results Of 30 cases calculi, 29 cases successfully remove calculi. Among the 29 cases, 7 cases ureter polypi and 1 case ureter stricture were treated.