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(1) Cotinine in the urine is a reliable indicator that the subject has been exposed to passive smoking.

(2) The researchers studied levels of cotinine - a product of nicotine - in women undergoing assisted conception.

(3) Cotinine and other metabolites are excreted in your urine.

(4) For cotinine, the threshold was 11 ng/ml, only slightly higher than the amount that the most sensitive tests can detect.

(5) Yuan said testing for NNAL and cotinine in urine may serve as a starting point for a new way of predicting lung cancer risk.

(6) They measured levels of cotinine, a byproduct of nicotine that is found in the blood after someone breathes in tobacco smoke.

(7) Saliva tests for cotinine, which is made when nicotine is broken down by the body, were taken to determine if people had really given up.

(8) In their study, the researchers tested blood for cotinine, a chemical which is produced when nicotine is metabolized, so they got an objective measure of how much smoke the teenagers were exposed to.

(9) Because nicotine is found almost exclusively in cigarette smoke, testing the body for cotinine levels is an accurate and dependable method for gauging a subject's exposure to secondhand smoke.

(10) The subjects also provided urine so the researchers could measure the amount of nicotine and its metabolites, like cotinine, for an objective record of their exposure to cigarette smoke.

(11) To assess passive smoke exposure, the volunteers had their blood checked for a byproduct of nicotine, called cotinine, which is made when the body comes into contact with tobacco smoke.

(12) They divided the children into groups with high, intermediate and low cotinine levels. Ultrasound was used to measure the thickness of the aorta and of the carotid artery in the neck.

(13) Next, the researchers checked to see how much nicotine and cotinine had to be in the urine before changes in the lung cell genes were noticeable.

(14) A reversed phase ion-pair high performance liquid chromatographic method was developed for the simultaneous determination of nicotine and cotinine in human hair.

(15) They found that there was no level of nicotine or cotinine that did not also correlate with genetic abnormalities.

(16) The results of this investigation strongly suggest that only a small amount of alkaloids are sequestered and detoxified into cotinine by three noctuid insects, and alkaloids are excreted unmodified.

(17) To establish methods of determination of nicotine and its metabolite cotinine by gas chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry in human hair.

(18) Smoking status was determined based on levels of nicotine and cotinine (a chemical produced in the body as nicotine is metabolized) found in their urine.

(19) Methods a cross sectional survey of 284 smoking households with a infant in the city of Lu an, in Anhui provinc was carried out[sentencedict .com], and urinary cotinine to creatinine ratios in infants were measured.

(20) But even after controlling for this factor, he found that the greater the levels of cotinine, the greater likelihood that the subject would show signs of psychological distress.

(21) Research has shown that menthol cigarettes may provide higher levels of carbon monoxide, nicotine and cotinine per cigarette smoked than regular cigarettes.