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31. Our emphasis on biliary cholesterol saturation in the pathogenesis of recurrent stones, therefore, may have been incorrect.

32. A satisfactory alternative or addition to biliary brush cytology is direct biopsy of the stricture using small forceps under fluoroscopic control.

33. Centrally administered neuropeptide Y caused a dose-dependent increase in bile flow that was associated with an increase in biliary bicarbonate output.

34. Biliary lipid composition was not altered significantly but bicarbonate output was increased at all doses tested.

35. Likewise, the carcinogenic action of bile may be related to the duration of exposure of gastric mucosa to biliary carcinogens.

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36. Sclerosing cholangitis and biliary tract calculi - primary or secondary?

37. Whether the biliary obstruction caused by sclerosing cholangitis was self limiting or brought into remission by steroid treatment is unclear.

38. We have reviewed our experience of exfoliative cytology in the management of patients with biliary tract strictures.

39. The high incidence of biliary leakage could not be easily explained.

40. This infusion rate was needed to maintain a constant baseline pressure within the open biliary system.

41. Of the three patients not referred, one had cryptogenic cirrhosis and two had primary biliary cirrhosis.

42. Furthermore, a high biliary concentration of total protein is reported to reduce bile metastability.

43. Methods are obviously required to improve the sensitivity of diagnostic biliary cytology.

44. Sphincterotomy is sometimes performed to facilitate biliary stenting, and consequent haemorrhage may occasionally be a cause of death.

45. Cholesterol nucleation time, biliary lipid concentration, vesicular cholesterol distribution, and biliary protein concentration were measured and compared.

46. A wide variety of safe and effective methods is now available for obtaining a cytological diagnosis in patients with biliary strictures.

47. This group included 23 patients with biliary tract calculi, commonly considered as excluding the diagnosis of primary sclerosing cholangitis.

48. The insertion of an endoprosthesis was successful in establishing adequate biliary drainage in all the patients.

49. These findings suggest that factors, in addition to biliary cholesterol saturation, are responsible for the formation of cholesterol gall stones.

50. Other reports also suggest that in this disease there are circulating antibodies against antigens common to biliary and colonic epithelia.

51. Biliary supersaturation with cholesterol is a prerequisite for cholesterol gallstone formation.

52. Selective cannulation of the biliary and/or pancreatic duct was attempted in all patients.

53. Baron etal compared the value of ultrasound and computed tomography in patients with suspected biliary obstruction.

54. Excitatory effects of somatostatin or octreotide on the sphincter of Oddi may impair biliary and pancreatic duct outflow.

55. Ultimately biliary cirrhosis results and the median survival has been estimated to be 12 years.

56. Improved methods of obtaining a tissue diagnosis are therefore becoming essential to the management of biliary tract strictures.

57. Ultrasonography showed a normal liver, gall bladder, and biliary tree.

58. The role of endoscopic stenting for postoperative biliary strictures is still debated.

59. Our own recent studies have shown an increased proportion of secondary biliary bile acids in patients with colorectal cancer.

60. Self expandable biliary stents have been used for palliative treatment of malignant biliary strictures.