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1. Imaging quiz case 1. Osteoma of the ethmoidal sinus.

2. Objective: To study the anatomy of ethmoidal artery in the ethmoid and to provide instructions for endoscopic sinus surgery.

3. During execution of this maneuver , the anterior ethmoidal artery and must be cauterized with forceps.

4. Objective To evaluate the value of MPR of ethmoidal uncinate processes using 16 slice spiral CT.

5. Results: (1) Most of the anterior ethmoidal artery passed through the roof of the ethmoidal cell in front of the basal lamella (66.6%) or the basal lamella itself (26.7%).

6. Conclusion: The origin and intraorbital course of the ethmoidal artery is variable, which is more common in the posterior ethmoidal artery than in the anterior ethmoidal arteries.

7. Objective To explore the significance of ethmoidal artery in operation of ethmoidal sinus.

8. Diffuse mucosal thickening affecting bilateral maxillary sinuses, ethmoidal sinuses and sphenoidal sinuses, suggesting pansinusitis change.

9. Results: Ethmoidal crest was located infra-anterior to the sphenopalatine foramen and anterior to the lateral posterior nasal arteries.

10. Results:Besides the branches of anterior ethmoidal artery and dorsal nasal branches of ophthalmic artery, the primary blood supply to the nose was derived from the lateral nasal arteries.

11. During execution of this maneuver, the anterior ethmoidal artery is torn and must be cauterized with forceps.

12. A group of ethmoidal cellules were formed among the lacrimal bone, frontal bone and nasal bone.

13. Conclusion: The imaging anatomy of ethmoidal roof, cribrum and understanding of the formation of olfactory fovea is the instructive significance for anterior skull base surgery.

14. The unit of radioreaction in ethmoidal sinus was ethmoidal cell.

15. Figure 2: T2-weighted axial image once again demonstrates a large, heterogeneous lesion located in the ethmoidal sinus (arrow). The lesion is predominately isointense to grey matter.

16. To provide objective data for the location of the ethmoidal artery in ethmoidectomy.

17. Objective To provide the anatomic data for the decompression of optic canal through ethmoidal sinus.

18. Conclusion The variation of infraorbital recess was found frequently, the recess must be paid attention to in operation of ethmoidal sinus.

19. Objective:To provide objective data for the location of the ethmoidal artery in ethmoidectomy.

20. OBJECTIVE To discuss the method, efficacy and safety of endoscopic frontal sinus surgery in the route anterior to ethmoidal bulla .

21. Objective: To provide anatomic basis for the treatment of severe bleeding of nasal septum by ligating ethmoidal artery with functional nasal endoscope.

22. The high type was the most connection modes between ethmoidal roof and cribriform plate.

23. Objective:In order to provide anatomic data for operation of ethmoidal sinus and optic canal decompression.

24. Above the body of the needle, there are ophthalmic artery[sentencedict.com/ethmoidal.html], anterior ethmoidal artery and nasociliary nerve.

25. Conclusion: In our investigation, it's more effective to use radio frequency in coagulating the anterior ethmoidal nerve and sphenopalatine nerve for perennial allergic rhinitis.

26. Invasive pituitary adenoma is a common pituitary adenoma invading nearby structures such as the sphenoidal sinus, ethmoidal sinus, upper clivus , sellar floor dura and bone.

27. Objective: To study the microsurgical anatomy of lateral wall of ethmoidal sinus, providing anatomical basis for the operation of ethmoidal sinus.

28. Objective To explore the clinical significance of infraorbital recess in operation of ethmoidal sinus.

29. To explore the efficacy of microwave coagulating the vidian nerve, the anterior ethmoidal nerve and inferior nasal concha for allergic rhinitis under nasal endoscope.

30. Contrast clearly demonstrates the extent of the lesion within the nasal cavity and invasion of the ethmoidal sinus and anterior cranial fossa (red arrow in Figure 4).