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31. They use X - ray diffraction to determine the structures of proteins and nucleic acids.

32. The third chapter discussed how to perform a fresnel lens with the principle of fresnel zone diffraction.

33. Coherent optical beam formation is a new wideband radio frequency beam-forming technology, which is based on optical interference, diffraction principle and optical Fourier transformation.

34. This optic is diffraction limited at the center field but not at the edge.

35. Basic principle, experiment condition, operating process, method and steps of X-ray diffraction method to determine free silica content of respirable dust in mines are introduced in this paper.

36. Therefore, this paper proposes by experimental analysis that photons have the tension, similarly to water, and proposes a new model and an alternative hypothesis on diffraction of light.

37. A flat - field etched diffraction grating ( EDG ) wavelength demultiplexer is much more convenient in fabrication.

38. Analysis of milk protein fiber by X-ray diffraction showed that its crystalline region is composed of PVA molecules arranged regularly, and the results amorphous region consists of milk protein.

39. A hybrid technique for combining moment methods (MM) with the uniform geometrical theory of diffraction (UTD) was employed to calculate the radiation pattern of the aircraft antenna.

40. This paper expounds systematically the theory of particle measurement and size distribution via mathematical expression on the base of diffraction starting Fraunhofer diffraction fundamentals.

41. The purpose of this study is to design a diffraction optical element using magnetorheological fluid for a switchable object lens used in optical pickup head.

42. The average saturation space-charge field is small and the diffraction efficiency is low as a result of the non-uniformity of the grating.

43. The results show that not only diffraction efficiency and SNR but also storage density and data rate can be increased by reducing the spot size on the crystal surface of the incident beams.

44. Maxwell equations: Lorentz force, plane electromagnetic waves, radiation, light waves, reflexion, refraction, Huyghens principle, diffraction, interference phenomena.

45. By using electronic probe analysis, SEM analysis, x-ray diffraction and cathodoluminescence analysis, we can determine the main types of pores in the reservoir.

46. The morphology and structure of the powders were investigated by scanning electron micrography (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD).

47. Now the typical means to measure residual stress are polariscope, X-ray diffraction, neutron diffraction, ultrasonic and so on.

48. The synthesis resin appeared a dissemination in the WAXD curve the diffraction peak was still only the crystalless state of aggregation.

49. A microscope image formation model based on scalar diffraction and Fourier optics has been developed(http://Sentencedict.com), which takes a slant angle between the optical axis and the observed surface into account.

50. An experimental study was made on the products of anode reaction in zinc manganese dioxide dry cells after different types of discharge using X-ray powder diffraction and infrared spectrum.

51. Diffraction pattern capturing and data processing are completed through Area Scan CCD camera, frame grabber and computer.

52. The influence of anomalous scattering on retained austenite determination in steel by X-ray diffraction method was investigated.

53. X ray diffraction (XRD) analysis reveals that degree of easy axis alignment of HD magnet is lower.

54. The film was characterized with scanning electron spectroscopy, X - ray diffraction and X - ray photoelectron spectroscopy.

55. The structure of organo clays and mechanism for their adsorption were studied by X ray diffraction(XRD) and BET area.

56. The way is simple and visual, the physical thinking of Huygens-Fresnel principle is incarnated fully, it helps to understand the quiddity of single slit Fraunhofer diffraction .

57. Numerical results demonstrate the advantages of super-Gaussian and serrated apertures in suppressing Fresnel diffraction modulations and maintaining relatively large fill factor.

58. Experimental results. show that the step number and ratio between the etching depth and the light wavelength are closely associated with the diffraction efficiency of reflection step grating.

59. The as-prepared composites were characterized with regard to their components, size, structure by X-ray diffraction(XRD), scanning electron microscopy(SEM), differential thermal analyzer(DTA-TG).

60. Least squares polynomial smoothing was constantly used in X ray diffraction test.